Mwalimu Makoba

Many countries in Africa achieved their independence in 1960s. thereafter, a process of economic reconstruction began. Topic Name: Changes in Political, Social and Economic Policies After Independence Reflection questions (a)  Do you think the social, political and economic changes that happened after independence were necessary? (b)  What should African countries do to achieve true and sustainable changes in the political, social and economic spheres? Background to post-colonial changes in political, social and economic policies African needed changes because of many challenges that has resulted from several decades of colonial domination. What African countries inherited after independence? - Weak economies, which were characterised by sale of primary commodities like cotton. - Poverty due to colonial exploitative system. - Regional imbalance as there were regions which developed more than others. In such regions, colonialist had built infrastructure such as railways, roads, schools,

Utungaji ni namna au jinsi ya kupangilia visa na matukio katika maandishi kwa lengo la kuburudisha, kuelimisha na kuakisi hali ya maisha ya jamii inayohusika. Hadithi fupi Hadithi fupi ni masimulizi ya kubuni yanayosawiri tukio, tabia, mgogoro au kipengele cha maisha. Hadithi fupi huwa na tukio moja au mawili na hutumia mawanda finyu. Hadithi fupi huwa na wahusika wachache na huandikwa kwa muda mfupi. Baadhi ya fani zilizochangia kuibuka kwa hadithi fupi ni: ngano, hekaya, visasili, michapo na tendi. Katika kutunga hadithi fupi, sharti upendekeze visa vya kutungia. Mfano wa visa hivyo ni kisa cha jogoo kuwa na kishungi au kisa cha twiga kuwa na shingo ndefu. Mfano wa hadithi fupi PURUKUSHANI USIKU WA MANANE Ilikuwa usiku wa siku ya Jumatano, Mowasha alijilaza katika kitanda chake cha teremka tukaze kwa furaha kuu. Ajabu ni kwamba hakukumbuka hata kuvua viatu, alilala navyo! Kilichompa furaha Mowasha hakikuwa kitu kingine bali fedha aliyoipata baada ya kuuza pamba yake, pamba aliyohang